Boy
The 15-year-old student doted on his grandparents, his parents said, making the killing of his grandfather and the stabbing of his grandmother on October 18, 2021, even more mysterious.
However, when he was arrested the next day, everything became much clearer. Although no less terrible.
The boy, who was not identified by authorities because he is a minor, told police he went to his grandparents' house in Saitama Prefecture, north of Tokyo, to kill them because he didn't want them to be ashamed of he planned to do later. The boy was planning to go to his school and kill a classmate.
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A classmate, according to the boy, bullied him at school, and the boy “could not forgive him.”
The boy's grandparents have become extras in a crisis that has long plagued Japanese schools but is becoming increasingly acute, a new study shows.
End of the massacre
On December 13, the massacre began; a few days later, on December 18, 1937, Imperial General Iwane Matsui began to understand the scale of rape, murder and looting in the city. He became increasingly alarmed by what was happening. The general was reported to have told one of his civilian aides: “I now realize that we have, unwittingly, brought about the saddest effect. When I think about the feelings of many of my Chinese friends who left Nanjing and the future of the two countries, I can only feel depressed. I’m very lonely and I can’t even rejoice at this victory.”
The few Europeans remaining in Nanjing tried to save the Chinese population. An international committee was created, headed by Jon Rabe. The committee organized the Nanjing Security Zone, in which about 200 thousand people took refuge.
At the end of January 1938, the Japanese army forced all refugees from the Nanjing Security Zone to return to their homes, immediately declaring that “order had been restored.” After the start of the weixin zhengfu (collaborationist government) in 1938, order did return to Nanjing, and Japanese atrocities were seriously reduced.
On November 12, 1948, Iwane Matsui and Japanese Foreign Minister Koki Hirota, along with five other "Class A" war criminals, were sentenced to death by hanging. Eighteen other defendants received lesser sentences. General Hisao Tani was sentenced to death by the Nanjing War Crimes Tribunal. Prince Asaka escaped punishment because he was guaranteed immunity under the terms of the surrender.
There is no clear explanation of what made the Japanese like animals. Historian Jonathan Spence writes: “Japanese soldiers, expecting an easy victory, instead fought for months and suffered far more serious losses than expected. They were tired, angry, frustrated and tired. There was no one to protect Chinese women; men were either absent or powerless. The war, still undeclared, had no clear and measurable goals. Perhaps they considered all Chinese, regardless of gender or age, to be suitable victims."
Girl
Rising suicide rates among children in Japan. Causes
Nanae Munemasa was in elementary school (ages 6-12) when the bullying began.
A 17-year-old schoolgirl recalls that boys beat her with broomsticks, harassed her in the girls' restroom and even attacked her during a swimming lesson. “I was the last one out of the pool,” she said. “A fist came out of nowhere and hit me in the face. I went under water and almost drowned. I had a huge bump on my forehead." “A long break from school allows you to stay home, so it's a haven for those who are bullied,” Nanae said. “When the summer ends, you must return. And once you start worrying about being bullied again, it can be a step towards suicide.” As the bullying intensified, Nanae began skipping school and contemplated suicide, but did not go through with it.
Eventually, Nanae decided to stop going to school and stayed home for almost a year. Nanae's mother, Mina Munemasa, supported her daughter's decision.
Record
A report released by Japan's Ministry of Education on October 25, 2021 shows that bullying incidents in schools have reached record levels. And the real figure is likely to be even higher, experts warn, as many children are too scared to come forward and denounce their tormentors.
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Reported cases of bullying in private and public schools across Japan , from elementary school to senior high schools, reached 414,378 in the school year through March 31, 2018. This figure has risen sharply from the previous year, increasing by more than 91,000 cases. The report said 3,511 students were arrested or taken into custody for bullying, more than double the number in 2017.
A total of 474 cases were classified as "extremely serious", an increase of 78 cases on the previous year, and 55 were classified as involving "life-threatening harm". Authorities were able to determine that of the 332 students who committed suicide during the school year, 35 children had been bullied at school (based on post-mortem notes).
Suicides
Japan has one of the highest suicide rates. A report from the World Health Organization shows that it is actually 60 percent higher than the global average and the rate of child suicide continues to rise despite the decline in overall suicide rates.
According to research by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, 332 Japanese elementary, middle and high school students died by suicide in 2021. This was a 33% increase from the previous year and the highest since 1988, when the data was first calculated using the current method. This figure included 227 high school students, 100 high school students and 5 elementary school students, with suicide rates among high school students up 42% year on year. Of the 332 schoolchildren, 193 were boys and 139 were girls.
“Japan has always had a problem with bullying in schools, but I think there's been a lot more kids committing suicide that has been linked to bullying, and I think that's made the problem more serious for schools, for education authorities and the government.” , said Mieko Nakabayashi, a professor at the School of Social Research at Waseda University.
“They are under much more pressure now than before.” “These cases are becoming increasingly documented and reported, which may explain the increase in the number of cases, but it is clear that more efforts need to be made to address this problem.”
Children of suicide.
The main causes of child suicide are problems related to school, such as excessive demands of the school curriculum or bullying. These problems lead children to depression. Kenzo Denda, a professor at Hokkaido University, reports that in Japan, one in twelve elementary school students and one in four middle school students suffer from depression, which causes many of them to commit suicide .
We see a spike in suicides in September as children return to school after the summer holidays. Japanese children are more likely to commit suicide on September 1st and 2nd than on any other day. The spike in suicides repeats in April as students return to school to start the new school year ( Kenzo Denda ). Problems related to school and children's suicidal tendencies are actually part of Japanese culture.
Compared to Westerners, Japanese are more likely to commit suicide when faced with a difficult situation. In Japan, suicide has a different meaning and is not perceived in the same way as in the West. Unlike Christian countries, in Japan suicide is not considered a sin. This is seen as a way to take responsibility and ask for forgiveness. Suicide has deep roots in the country's history; we can think of samurai who performed seppuku to clear their name, or kamikaze pilots during World War II
Since 2012, Japan has taken the issue of suicide seriously, and the government has taken measures aimed at reducing the suicide rate by 20% by 2025. A number of prefectural education authorities have taken measures to eradicate the problem among children, including mandatory surveys after each semester for all students on bullying and additional staff meetings to address situations once an incident is confirmed.
Racial discrimination against half-breeds in Japan.
“The Japanese soldiers, all as one, rushed at me like evil animals” (18+)
"Comfort Women"
The first "station" opened in Shanghai in 1932. And first, Japanese female volunteers were brought there. But it soon became clear that many military brothels were needed and Japanese women alone could not do it. Therefore, the “stations” began to be replenished with women from the Philippine and Indonesian camps. They were accompanied by girls from Japanese-occupied territories.
The first “comfort stations” in Shanghai
Women who found themselves at “comfort stations” ended up in hell, where the chances of survival were practically reduced to zero. They had to serve several dozen soldiers per day. Among sex slaves, the most common topic of conversation was suicide. They either dissuaded each other, or, on the contrary, advised how to quickly say goodbye to life. Some were engaged in theft. While the soldier was “busy,” opium was taken from him. And then they purposefully took it in large quantities in order to die from an overdose. The second tried to poison themselves with unknown drugs, the third simply tried to hang themselves.
"Comfort stations" were created to reduce the number of rapes
The “comfort women” were examined weekly by doctors. And if there were sick or pregnant women, they were immediately given a special “drug 606”. In the first, it muffled the symptoms of sexually transmitted diseases, in the second, it provoked a miscarriage.
By the fall of 1942, there were already about four hundred “comfort stations.” Most of them were in occupied Chinese territory. A dozen “registered” on Sakhalin. But despite this, the number of rapes committed by Japanese soldiers did not decrease. Because you had to pay for it. Therefore, many preferred to save and spend money, for example, on opium.
The exact number of women who ended up in military brothels is unknown
By that time there were very few Japanese women at the “stations”. They were replaced by Chinese, Korean and Taiwanese women. Data on the number of sex slaves varies greatly. For example, Japanese authorities claim that there were just over 20 thousand. Koreans talk about 200 thousand of their fellow citizens. For the Chinese, this figure is much more impressive - more than 400 thousand.
Hunting for women
Since Korea was a Japanese colony from 1910 to 1945, it was most convenient to take women from there. They at least partially knew Japanese (they forced me to learn), which made the communication process easier.
At first, the Japanese recruited Korean women. But gradually, when there were not enough women, they resorted to various tricks. For example, they offered high-paying jobs that did not require special training, or they simply kidnapped them.
Here is what the Japanese Yoshima Seichi, who was a member of the Yamaguchi Society of Laborers, said: “I was a hunter for Korean women in camp brothels for sexual entertainment of the Japanese soldiers. More than 1,000 Korean women were taken there under my command. Under the supervision of armed police, we kicked women who resisted and took away their babies. Throwing away the two- and three-year-old children running after their mothers, we forcibly pushed the Korean women into the back of the truck, and there was a commotion in the villages. We sent them as cargo in freight trains and on ships to the command of the troops of the western part. Undoubtedly, we did not recruit them, but drove them away by force.”
Korean women were forced into sexual slavery
Here are his memories of the everyday life of the “comfort stations”: “One Korean woman was raped on average 20-30 per day, even more than 40 Japanese officers and soldiers, and in mobile brothels - more than 100. Many Korean women tragically died due to sexual violence and cruel oppression by Japanese sadists. Having stripped the disobedient Korean women naked, they rolled them on boards with large nails driven upward, and cut off their heads with a sword. Their monstrous atrocities exceeded all human imagination.”
The truth revealed
Information about Japanese atrocities began to leak out only in the mid-1980s. By that time, most of the Korean women who found themselves at the “stations” had either already died or gone crazy. And those who managed to survive hell remained silent, fearing the revenge of the Japanese.
Park Yong Sim is one of the first Korean women to talk in detail about her life in “camp brothels.” At the age of 22, she, along with other Korean girls, was brought to the Chinese city of Nanjing in a closed carriage. There they assigned me to a brothel, fenced with barbed wire. Yong Sim, like other sex slaves, was given a tiny room without amenities.
For a long time, the surviving Korean women were silent, fearing revenge
This is what she recalled: “The Japanese soldiers, all as one, rushed at me like evil animals. If someone tried to resist, then punishment immediately followed: they kicked him, stabbed him with a knife. Or, if the “offence” was great, they cut off my head with a sword... Later I returned to my homeland, but as a cripple - due to heart disease and a disorder of the nervous system, I rush around in delirium at night. Every time those terrible days are involuntarily remembered, the whole body trembles with burning hatred for the Japanese.”
Soldiers queuing at a brothel
Now elderly Korean women who were once forced into brothels are living out their days in a nursing home. It is located next to the museum, where evidence of their stay at the “comfort stations” is collected.
Humiliation culture
Still , a culture of humiliating those who are different is deeply ingrained in children in many societies, Nakabayashi explains, although she agrees that Japan has some unique characteristics.
Group culture is important in Japan. This practice means that everyone must be part of the group, follow the rules and have the same opinions as other members. This means that every person who is different or does not follow the rules will be excluded and become a target for bullies. This is also the reason why some people look but don't react; if you are not one of the bullies, you may become the next victim. This also applies to teachers who sometimes know what's going on but turn a blind eye or even engage in bullying to get out of trouble.
Group culture is also associated with school pressure, as students are always expected to perform well and achieve the highest grades, and those who struggle do not receive any support, they just have to go along with the rest of the class. This aspect of Japanese culture may explain, at least in part, the problems children encounter in school that may lead them to want to end their lives.
In Japan you have to fit in with other people. And if you can't do that, you're either ignored or bullied.
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The problem is compounded by a culture that dictates that going to school is the only option. “It's hell for kids who know they're going to be bullied at school but have no choice but to go,” she said. Schools “put the team first. Children who do not get along in groups suffer
Social norms
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“Bullying is common in many countries because not all children are civilized at an early age, but I feel that here in Japan it is different,” said Mieko Nakabayashi. “ In the schools here, the target will be the student who is different from the others.” The same thing happens in Japanese society. The correspondence is very significant.
“So, if you're talented in class, or if you're too pretty a girl, or if you're good at playing a musical instrument, or if you just act differently, you're a target.”
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This attitude is so common in Japanese society that there is a saying that sums up how anyone who stands out from the crowd is treated: “The nail that sticks up gets hammered down.”
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According to Nakabayashi, there are unique social norms and a special mentality.
" The relationship that children have with their parents means that they often cannot tell them what they are going through, because in Japan one is not supposed to burden someone else with one's own problems ," she said. “It’s just as difficult to go to the teacher, as it may attract even more unwanted attention.”
The schoolgirl image is a sexual symbol of Japan
Girls in school uniforms going to class in a group is a phenomenon of modernized society that has appeared in Japan since the beginning of the 20th century. After the war, the image of an innocent schoolgirl began to be actively used in pop music and cinema. In the early 1970s, thirteen-year-old Momoe Yamaguchi became a national pop idol when she sang “Green Peach,” a song with a very ambiguous chorus, and played the role of a “bad girl.”
At the same time, from this period, the largest Japanese film company Nikkatsu for the first time made a number of films where schoolgirls were subjected to sexual and other forms of violence. The theme, picked up by several other studios, began to be widely used in the film industry, becoming a tasty bait for an audience consisting entirely of men. Such films gained incredible popularity; they were not considered child pornography and were legal, since the age of sexual consent in Japan everywhere at that time began at 13 years old. In the early 1990s, the image of schoolgirls began to be used enterprisingly in comics, animation, video and photo pornography.
Violence
Eric Fiore, owner of a private French school in Yokohama and father of three sons who went through the Japanese public education system , said there is a lot of pressure in Japanese schools for children to "conform."
Japanese school uniform
“As far as I know, my sons have never had a problem with being bullied, but I have heard some stories that would make me very angry if it involved my children,” he said. “ Children all over the world can be unkind or rude, but here it seems more extreme.”
"Boys are prone to physical violence and there will be pushing or shoving that can end in a fight, but with girls it's different," he said. “Bullying there seems to be more about excluding a girl from a group or gossiping about her, and this kind of mental abuse can be just as damaging as physical harm.”
Teachers often do not have the training or time to spend curbing bullies and victims of bullying. A Mainichi Shimbun poll found that 70 percent of teachers would like to do more to prevent bullying but simply don't have the time due to reduced staffing in schools. Being responsible for a large number of activities, lessons, quizzes and paperwork, class preparation and other work.
Teachers are afraid of losing control of the class. Salary and promotion mechanisms take this skill into account, making teachers hesitant to report bullying. Although they cannot cynically ignore the problem, we think it encourages teachers to build a defense of behavior: “everything is fine, the children are joking and having fun . When teachers do not know how to manage a class and have little authority, this is an easier default position than interfering in the life of a class where respect for them is already minimal. So they agree with the “jokers”.
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The Education Ministry has tried to put a positive spin on the latest data, saying the 28 percent increase in reported cases shows teachers are becoming more vigilant and stricter about the previously hidden problem.
Sex and marriage laws
According to Chapter XXII, Article 177 of the Japanese penitentiary system, anyone who has sex with a woman under thirteen years of age commits a criminal offense, which is considered rape, and the penalty is a minimum of three years' imprisonment with forced labor. However, according to the Child Welfare Law, Chapter II, Article 34, Section 6 states that “no one shall commit fornication with children.” At the same time, the word “fornication” is interpreted as sexual acts, and “children” refers to persons under 18 years of age. The penalty in this case is not specified.
Although thirteen-year-old boys reach the age of consent in Japan, they are not eligible to marry until they are 18 years old. Girls can get married from the age of 16. At the same time, persons under 20 years of age, considered the age of majority in Japan, cannot marry without parental consent.
Ijime
In Japan, bullying is called ijime, and it has some distinctive differences from Western bullying in that it is rooted in psychological cruelty, which may or may not involve violence. About 80% of school bullying in Japan is classified as "gang" violence, meaning entire classes against one victim, and 90% of cases are considered prolonged, lasting more than a week.
More examples:
One boy was teased for months, then beaten, then forced to steal goods for the bullies, and finally forced to eat dead bees. The child committed suicide at the age of 13. Half the class participated in the bullying, while the rest watched with mixed reactions. Teachers at the school were aware of the problem but responded only with a verbal warning to the bullies.
One boy came into class to find his desk had been turned into a memorial, with a wreath and his photograph in the center, burning incense and a condolence card filled with mocking wishes from classmates and some teachers, including his 57-year-old class teacher, who knew that the student did not die. The Japanese teacher said that if she interferes, the bullied student will "get angry" because the teacher recognizes that he is different.
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