Early 18th century
Historians draw the first data about the history of Japan of this period from the records of sailors and traders. The notes of J. Hardy, an English merchant and writer, are considered the most valuable for historical science. He wrote: “We saw a country of extraordinary beauty with a highly developed culture. It had a strong army and a national idea, however, the first problems had already begun to be seen in the economic sphere: the people were poor, the ruling elite was swimming in gold. Japan in the 18th century."
The first attempt to cope with the unstable socio-economic situation of the country belongs to shogun Yoshimune (1716-1745). He went down in history as the author of the Kokhb reforms:
- Administrative reform. The shogun decided to leave the administration unchanged. The Supreme Overlord ordered the replacement of about 80% of the administration, making it more civilian (he fired the samurai and daimyo).
- Financial reform. The position of Minister of Finance appeared. The person in charge controlled the financial activities of the city magistrates and bakufu. The Minister of Finance was also responsible for finding schemes to improve the governance structure.
- Fight against excesses. The shogun ordered luxury, rich food, lazy samurai, gambling to be removed from the palace and banned lavish celebrations.
- Fight against corruption. The death penalty was imposed for the bribe. In addition, all relatives were charged a huge fine for not teaching their neighbor morality and honesty.
- Policy of saving public funds. Yoshimune reduced the number of gokenin and hatamoto (local managers who were supported by the state).
- He ordered an increase in the area under rice cultivation. Yoshimune also established a system of awards for the best rice fields. This policy made it possible to get rid of food problems forever and laid the foundation for the opening of Japan.
Domestic and foreign policy of Japan in the 17th - 18th centuries.
At the end of the 16th century. Japan was divided into 200 principalities. There was a feudal war, which was won by Tokugawa Ieyasu. In 1603, he took the title of shogun (shogun means “military leader”) and founded the shogunate (1603 - 1868) with its capital in Edo.
The basis of the Tokugawa regime, established by the first shogun Ieyasu Tokugawa and which received its full development under the third shogun Tokugawa Iemitsu (in the middle of the 17th century), was: the forced preservation of the existing order, which consisted in the oppressed position of the peasantry, the subordinate role of the urban population and the unlimited domination of the nobility .
Three main factors posed a definite threat to the stability of this feudal order:
- class struggle of the broad masses against the feudal lords;
-external danger from possible foreign conquerors (feudal Japan was successively threatened by the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutch and British);
- the danger of internal internecine war in the camp of the feudal lords, capable of weakening them before the onslaught of the peasant liberation element.
The Tokugawa proceeded from taking these dangers into account in their policy, building it in such a way that:
- firstly, keep the peasantry and the urban lower classes in check and not allow any concessions that could give them the slightest opportunity to organize for the fight;
- secondly, to control the relationship of feudal princes among themselves, preventing the strengthening of any of them and thereby maintaining a leadership position for the Tokugawa clan;
- thirdly, keep a vigilant eye on foreigners and keep the doors of Japan locked.
One of the most important components of Tokugawa’s domestic policy was the “closure of the country.” The reason was the widespread penetration of Europeans, the spread of Christianity and the threat of Japan becoming a colony (which had already happened in a similar scenario in the Philippines). Back at the end of the 16th century, the Japanese were greatly outraged by the practice of Portuguese and Spanish missionaries who exported people from Japan to sell them into slavery.
However, the first shogun of the Tokugawa dynasty, Ieyasu, initially did not take decisive measures against the Europeans. At this time he was interested in the supply of firearms and in organizing shipyards for the construction of large ships. The partners here were the Dutch and the English who arrived in Japan in 1600. The shogun granted the Dutch East India Company the right to trade on much more favorable terms than the compromised Spaniards and Portuguese.
But soon the shogunate began to express dissatisfaction with the trade policy of the Dutch, who appropriated most of the income from foreign trade. Following this, a conspiracy of the Spaniards and Portuguese was revealed, aimed not only at expelling the British and Dutch, but also at the actual subjugation of the regime with the help of the princes of the southern part of the country who had converted to Christianity - the most implacable opponents of the Tokugawa clan.
All this prompted the Tokugawa to conduct punitive expeditions and promulgate a decree (1614) completely banning Christianity.
Tokugawa Iemitsu, who became shogun in 1623, took up arms against Christians with even greater zeal than his predecessor. The apogee of the confrontation was the events in Shimabara (near Nagasaki). Repressions and punitive expeditions of government troops caused a peasant uprising, the real cause of which was not religious persecution, but feudal oppression: under the pretext of eradicating Christian false teaching, shogun officials committed lawlessness in the conquered region. When the uprising was suppressed after a three-month siege and the fall of their last stronghold - the fortress at Shimabara - 38 thousand Christian rebels were killed. This became one of the largest massacres of Christians in history. It is characteristic that the Dutch, in order to gain political capital, provided powerful military support to the shogun.
With the suppression of the Shimabara uprising, the shogunate made the final decision to “close” Japan to foreigners and isolate the country from any external influence. In 1638, Iemitsu issued a decree expelling all Portuguese from Japan (the Spaniards were expelled back in 1634). Any foreign ship that landed on the Japanese shores was subject to immediate destruction, and its crew - the death penalty.
An exception was made only for the Dutch. They were left with a trading post on the small island of Deshima, where trade took place under the watchful supervision of government officials. Merchants were required to give a special undertaking to refrain from openly displaying their religious beliefs and not to enter into any relations with the Japanese other than purely business ones, which were regulated in detail by the rules of trade. As for Japanese citizens, back in 1636 they were prohibited, under pain of death, from leaving their homeland and building large ships for long voyages. As a result of these measures, the country was closed to Europeans.
Development of culture and science
Shogun Yoshimune did not ignore science. He contributed in every possible way to its development. For example, in 1742, he allowed European books on natural and applied sciences to be imported into Japan. The shogun invited Europeans (mostly Dutch) who were interested in the culture and history of Japan to the capital, the city of Edo. In addition, at the court he organized centers for cultural exchanges between Japanese and foreigners. Japanese scientists quickly mastered the English language and began to improve domestic knowledge in mathematics, astronomy and medicine. It is worth noting that in other areas, Japanese culture remained conservative.
Thus, the cultural history of Japan in the 18th century remained at the same level as in the 17th century - the national idea continued to improve, Buddhism and Shintoism strengthened. Foreign culture and customs were perceived by ordinary Japanese as alien and strange. Japanese culture during this period remained deeply conservative in theater, music, painting and philosophy. The culture continued to use old motifs, styles and patterns.
The fake antiquity of modern Japan, or how the island of Yapan was “torn” in the 17th century.
Investigation of the circumstances and clarification of the time of origin of the Japanese archipelago, based on the analysis of ancient maps of the region
To begin with, let’s take, as usual, the mouthpiece of the officially approved versions (VIKI) - “ The first signs of settlement of the Japanese archipelago appeared around the 40th millennium BC. e . with the beginning of the Japanese Paleolithic, which lasted until the 12th millennium BC. e. The population of ancient Japan was engaged in hunting and gathering, making the first rough stone tools. There are no ceramic products in this period, so the period is also called the period of pre-ceramic culture. From 12,000 BC. e. The Jomon period begins , which, according to the archaeological periodization of the history of Western countries, corresponds to the Mesolithic and Neolithic. Features of this period were the formation of the Japanese archipelago and the beginning of the use of ceramic products by its inhabitants. " ..All..
I couldn’t read further..(if you want, read for yourself -) Why? Yes, that's why:
This is a map from 1590. Daniel Keller. For some reason, I don’t see the archipelago in the form in which it exists now... There is a whole island, quite large (the size of half of modern India) Or there is confusion with dates (12 thousand years, as stated above) or MODERN scientists do not have access to ancient documents (which are geographical maps) On what basis then is the official version formed?
Let's move on to the personalities. Let's take the famous scientist, Japanese specialist, Doctor of Historical Sciences (!!!) A.N. Meshcheryakov:
“...in the Pleistocene, the Japanese islands were connected to the mainland by land bridges, and during the significant glaciation of the Würm period, the sea level was significantly lower, which allowed settlers from Asia to penetrate the islands - from the south (through the territory of present-day Kyushu) and from the north (through Hokkaido ). It should be noted that the territory of the Japanese Islands was integral, that is, it was a single landmass. (ATTENTION!!!) The formation of the archipelago in the form we are familiar with dates back to approximately the 17th–18th millennium BC.. ” (“History of Ancient Japan” p. 13, end of 1st paragraph)
Dear A.N. added another “thousands of years” to the archipelago..
The imaginary opponent will say:
- Well, twenty-five again - I found some kind of map and built a version on it! Previously, there was no Google Maps to transfer the outlines of the coastline onto paper with such accuracy! They drew Japan as best they could...
— I agree, the error is acceptable, but within what limits? If you look at the general outlines of the continent (above), then, in general, it is quite correctly displayed - both India and the Indochinese Peninsula are quite consistent with the current location and contours .. Let me give you other maps of that time - the Ortelius atlas of 1570 .
And we will also give, in order to avoid doubts about the truth of the fact, Gerardus Mercator, 1575
I hope that's enough? So, where, I ask you, is the Japanese archipelago? Let's compare the old and new maps... Here is the current archipelago, but where did the many islands that are visible on the old map go?
This is modern Japan (without Hokkaido, it is higher) or rather Nippon (the self-name of the Japanese). Let's now try to somehow localize identical, coinciding objects on the new and old maps.. For this purpose, I specifically compared the names of settlements (on the old and new maps) on subject to compliance..And this is what happened
Only one settlement (there may be more, but I was not able to identify) corresponds to a fairly modern Japanese city; it is even mentioned in the inscriptions on an ancient map
So, this is the largest city of the then country of ZIPANGRI, called KANGIXIMA (in red) which on the modern map is identical to KOGASIMA - what do you think the name matches? In my opinion, more than - in fact, the same thing, taking into account the Russian transcription and the peculiarities of the pronunciation of local residents... (underlined in yellow, we will touch on further)
A legitimate question arises for the official science of history, which is paid for out of our pockets -
WHY FOOL US SO FOR OUR MONEY?
What (oklmn eprst) 12 thousand years ago did the archipelago begin to form (according to the above version) if the island of YAPAN was a solid island back in the 16th century? And already in the 17th century it was torn apart (the crust separated) and lost most of the islands of the archipelago?
Why does everyone act as if “..that’s how it happened”?
Maybe we are talking about different objects here, or did “respected” scientists and toricists conduct their research in general, in a parallel reality? Or maybe this map is actually more than 12 thousand years old (according to the official version), if you think logically?
And all this is sold to us for our money, like (sorry) “the last suckers,” with a smart expression on his face, adjusting his pince-nez and coughing gravely into his fist.. Once again I remember Kisa Vorobyaninov - “.. when will we hit the face?”
For the sake of credibility, let's identify settlements (for compliance) in more detail, take the contour, the coastline.
Here it is, the city of Kogashima (underlined in red), the capital of the Kogashima district (check mark). As you can see, the city is located on the shore of a very cozy and convenient bay for ships to enter, which has a clearly defined outline.. Now let’s correlate this with the image on the old map
In fact, the same thing - here it is, the same city of Kangixima, taking into account the error of the ancient cartographer, and the changes that occurred as a result of the catastrophe. shook up the entire region, changing some geographical objects beyond recognition.
As you can see, from the entire island, only this city survived (the largest in Zipangri, in comparison with European cities of that time). The front, “bow” part of the Nippon ship “Zipangri” with its largest city at that time also survived.. The island was mercilessly “shredded” the central part of it sank below sea level and was accordingly flooded..
The surprising thing is that the city itself is located next to a volcano!!! And so it turns out that this is a volcano of luck!
A COUPLE MORE EVENTS (and that's not all) END OF THE WORLD
The same thing happened with the cities of Mongul and Tartar - “to fall into Tartarar” - hence the expression. The New Siberian Islands and Umkilir (Wrangel) Island, while the island of YAPAN was torn apart by seismic activity “like Tuzik’s hot water bottle.” All this happened at the end of the 17th century, specifically on July 15, 1687. (date received from the medium) then the flooding of the country of Mongol began. (below the map)
Naturally, the official with a smart look mutters under his breath about his loved ones many millions of years ago, when it comes to the time of the emergence of the New Siberian Islands.. Just look at the coastal shelf - you can immediately see that the islands belong to the shelf, that is, the flooded land. The islands, apparently, are the highest parts of the flooded country, mountains, ridges..
It was the end of the then world, the End of the World, the end of the 17th, beginning of the 18th century (read about it -) Then the whole world shook, bless you, and this can be seen from the change in the state of the island, turned into a pile of rubble.
SHAKING, TORCHING AND FLATING “NEPODETSKI”
At the same time, the Korean Peninsula was torn off, compare the maps -
It exploded approximately where the check mark was.. The bark split apart.. Can you imagine what this is like in real life? Complete brutality.. And the silence of official science.. Only their beloved millions of years ago - that’s all we hear from them.. for our money.. (I would duplicate it on other maps, but the post is already huge, if you’re interested, check it out for yourself)
Perhaps it looked something like this (adjusted for the era of the event)
HOWEVER, LET'S RETURN TO THE ISLAND
Let's analyze the inscription on the map.. It is written that the inhabitants pay tribute to the great boor (khan). That is, these are the subjects of the Country of Cathay, with the capital city of Kambalu, or Khanbalyk, (many different transcriptions) Who inhabited the island, what kind of people, who most likely almost completely died in a terrible accident? And yet, the idea arose to analyze the similarity of city names (purely phonetically) and compare them with modern Japanese names.
For example, the cities - Kogaxima, Norma, Frason, Malao, Negru, Bandu, Nomi, Dinlay, Amanguko, Miaka Academy, Chela, and even "Saendeber Sabana Ptol" - that's the name!..
Well, what do you say...Do these look like modern Japanese names? Is there at least one other one besides Kogashima-Kangaxima that sounds the same? In my opinion and taste, it’s not very good.. We can check by the names of another region how much the names of cities of some familiar country of the same time have changed.. England, for example, is also an island, will do!
Let's take Ortelius' map from 1570. (almost the same as our first one - 1590, by Daniel Keller)
What do we have here? I see - Hampton, Warwick, London, Wales, Plymouth, Hafford, York... In general, it is clear that in England of the 16th century, and in modern England, neither the names, nor the phonetics itself, nor the language have changed..
- It’s clear that England wasn’t shaking!
- Well, so what does this have to do with language?
If you look at the modern names of cities in the Japanese archipelago, they have a completely different language... Nagasaki, Osaka, Kyoto, etc. (you can look for yourself)
Now let’s look at the metropolis, the country of Cathay, where the Great Ham lives, to whom the inhabitants of Zipangri pay tribute, what are the names of the cities there? (let’s take the central region, the modern Far East)
Here are the names - Brema, Aspikia, Tinzu, Xandu, Kaidu, Kambalu (capital) Achbalych, Akiser, Achmelech, Guengangu, Kouza, etc.
I don’t know about you, but it seems to me that this is the same language, or almost the same - the names of the cities here and there are somewhat similar, the Japanese may have a dialect... But certainly not modern Japanese - the difference with it is simply huge. Take at least the names of our cities - they have not actually changed since the beginning of the millennium. Torzhok, Yaroslavl, Novgorod, Ryazan. Kyiv...no matter what, don’t you see what’s happening? ))
BEFORE THE CATACLYSM, A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT PEOPLE LIVED ON THE ISLAND, WHO HAD A COMPLETELY DIFFERENT LANGUAGE, THEREFORE CULTURE, AS WELL AS APPEARANCE..
This is what the emperor of the country Iapon, Japan-Zipangri looked like
Here is the translation of the text (approximately) Taken from Mikhail Volk in the magazine “Iskatel”
Hogun, Emperor of Japan.
A large and extensive region containing a large number of islands surrounded by the sea. This area was discovered by the Portuguese 130 years ago (1790-130=1660). This great eastern empire consists of 76 small territories (voÿaumes?), of which the largest are Meaco and Amaguns. The Japanese are strong, courageous and courageous, they have a code of honor, they practice a lot of martial arts and have a large army of specially trained martial arts graduates: more than 50,000 cavalry and 400,000 foot soldiers, who make up almost the entire army. They have many castles and fortresses (I didn’t understand the meaning of the sentence at all.) Wheat grows in abundance on the large islands, there are many types of game, there are mines for the extraction of gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and mercury , as well as wells for the extraction mineral water, medicinal (I can’t understand the word Seruantatoutes). In their religion, the main ones are 9 pagan deities, but they also had a Christian religion after several Jesuit missions (the following is a story about the missionary activities of the Jesuits and Franciscans to introduce the Christian religion. A conflict arose between the ancestral faith and Christianity, and this resulted in the crucifixion 26 martyrs on crosses “for faith in Jesus Christ.” The text directly says that there were a lot of such martyrs..
In this text and the inscription on the map there are many similarities about minerals.. What about the many islands , here they are (map below) As you can see, there is no Korean peninsula yet, the region has changed completely.
And after that, a couple more images of the emperor. saying that this is not at all what modern “funny pictures” paint us.
Let's compare this with the crafts of the Jesuits (they also painted the Chinese, in fact, the Chinese of the 18th century were the same as all citizens of Tartary - read, see in more detail - ]]>https://cont.ws/post/379526]]> )
These are images of (supposedly) DIFFERENT (!!!) emperors of Japan - it is clear that they are drawn “according to the type and template”; the draftsman did not even bother to change the pose of the “layout”, and the faces are almost the same, one cannot be distinguished from the other.
But what about the people themselves, who have lived on the island from time immemorial? But they are the Ainu... Here is a photo from 1904, an Ainu family in national costumes
Some generally have Russian faces (the man on the left, the guys on the right) And these guys (below) are of the same breed as the emperor of the country of Japan (look above), slanted and wide eyes, an appearance uncharacteristic of the Japanese tradition.
Although what modern Japanese is is a mixture of Ainu and Korean-Chinese settlers who arrived on the archipelago from the mainland.. This happened after the disaster. Official history naturally gives this event many thousand years ago.. Read below their sad and glorious history, along the way transposing the time of the event from deep antiquity to the 18th century, which also did not happen yesterday.. (author - this is how I will mark my remarks)
HISTORY OF THE INDIGENOUS POPULATION OF IAPON ISLAND
Today it is generally accepted that modern Japanese, representatives of the Mongoloid race, have lived on the Japanese islands since ancient times. In fact, this is not at all the case, it’s just that today few people remember that the Ainu people lived on the Japanese islands for many thousands of years. As can be clearly seen in the photo, the Ainu had nothing in common with the Mongoloids; they were typical bearded representatives of the white Caucasian race.
It was they who created the Jomon culture. It is not known for certain where the Ainu came from to the Japanese islands, but it is known that in the Jomon era it was the Ainu who inhabited all the Japanese islands - from Ryukyu to Hokkaido, as well as the southern half of Sakhalin, the Kuril Islands and the southern third of Kamchatka - as evidenced by the results of archaeological excavations and toponymy data, for example: Tsushima - tuima - “distant”, Fuji - huqi - “grandmother” - kamui of the hearth, Tsukuba - tu ku pa - “head of two bows” / “two-bow mountain”, Yamatai - Ya mata i - “place , where the sea cuts the land."
Jomon era
But now very few people know about this people, and the Japanese consider themselves the legitimate rulers and ancient owners of the islands of the Japanese chain! What is the matter here, why did this happen?
This is what happened - according to historians, from about the middle of the Jomon era, Mongoloid groups, migrants from Southeast Asia (SEA) and Southern China, began to arrive on the Japanese Islands. Obviously, the Ainu did not want to share and cede to them the territories on which they lived for many thousands of years, realizing what this was fraught with.
A war began that lasted no less than one and a half thousand years (author. THIS IS HERE THE SCALE WENT, it began in the 18th century after the disaster) In comparison, the hundred-year war between England and France seems like a petty brawl. For one and a half thousand years, the Mongoloid tribes attacked the Ainu from across the sea, and for one and a half thousand years the Ainu held back the pressure. Fifteen centuries of continuous war! (a damn lie)
Some sources mention a war with the invaders of the Yamato state. And for some reason, by default it is believed that Yamato is supposedly the state of the Japanese, who waged a war with the semi-wild Ainu. In fact, everything was exactly the opposite - Yamato, and earlier - Yamatai, could not have been the state of the Japanese, who had just begun to land on the islands, at that time they simply could not have any state yet, Yamato was the ancient state of the Ainu, according to fragmentary information, a very highly developed state, with a high level of culture, education, developed arts, advanced military affairs. (author - in fact, the Ainu were Japanese, residents of the island of Iapon, and those whom the author calls Japanese were tribes of Korean-Chinese origin, of which there are many varieties)
The Ainu were almost always superior to the Japanese in military affairs, and almost always won battles with them. And, by the way, samurai culture and samurai fighting techniques go back precisely to Ainu fighting techniques, and not to Japanese ones, and carry many Ainu elements, and individual samurai clans are Ainu in origin, the most famous is the Abe clan.
It is not known for certain what exactly happened in those distant years, as a result of which a real catastrophe occurred for the Ainu. (author: what we are investigating here happened, the island split, the infrastructure was destroyed, the inhabitants and the army were disorganized, a lot of people died) The Ainu were still stronger than the Japanese in battles and practically did not lose battles to them, but with At a certain point, the situation for them began to continuously deteriorate. Huge crowds of Japanese began to gradually assimilate, mix, dissolve the Ainu in themselves (and this is confirmed by a study of the genetics of the Japanese, whose dominant Y chromosome is D2, that is, the Y chromosome that is found in 80% of the Ainu, but is almost absent, for example, in Koreans).
There is an opinion that Japanese women, so unlike other Asian women, owe their beauty to the Ainu genes. Of course, this was not the only reason. Some researchers believe that the reason is largely due to the coming to power of apostates who betrayed the interests of the Ainu, when the local population was first equalized in rights with the arriving Mongoloid tribes, and then turned into second-class citizens. From a certain point, many Ainu leaders began to openly bend to the Japanese and sell themselves to them; the same leaders who refused to do this were destroyed by the Japanese (often through poisoning).
So gradually, moving from south to north, the Japanese, rapidly increasing in number, captured island after island, pushing the Ainu further and further. The Ainu did not give up and continued to fight, one can mention the struggle of the Ainu under the leadership of Kosyamain (1457), the performances of the Ainu in 1512-1515, in 1525, under the leadership of the leader Tanasyagashi (1529), Tarikonna (1536), Mennaukei (Hanauke) (1643), one of the most successful periods under the leadership of Xyagusyain (1669). But the process was irreversible, especially taking into account the betrayal of the Ainu elites; the white indigenous population of the islands was very disturbing to someone, and the task was to eliminate them at any cost.
Ainu Bear Festival
The further it went, the worse it became - at a certain moment, real genocide began. The translators and overseers hired by the Japanese rulers committed many abuses: they abused the elderly and children, raped Ainu women, and swearing at the Ainu was the most common thing. The Ainu were actually in the position of slaves. In the Japanese system of “correction of morals,” the complete lack of rights of the Ainu was combined with the constant humiliation of their ethnic dignity.
Petty, absurd regulation of life was aimed at paralyzing the will of the Ainu. Many young Ainu were removed from their traditional environment and sent by the Japanese to various jobs, for example, Ainu from the central regions of Hokkaido were sent to work in the sea fisheries of Kunashir and Iturup (which at that time were also colonized by the Japanese), where they lived in conditions of unnatural crowding, not being able to maintain a traditional way of life.
At the same time, the Japanese themselves (settlers, invaders) gladly borrowed and appropriated the traditional culture of the Ainu, their achievements in military affairs, art, music, construction, and weaving. Although in reality, much of what is considered Japanese culture today is actually Ainu culture, “borrowed” and appropriated.
In the 19th century, real chaos began - the Japanese forced Ainu men to cut their beards, women were forbidden to wear traditional Ainu clothes, and the celebration of the Ainu national holiday - the Bear Festival - was prohibited. The Japanese transported all the Northern Kuril Ainu to the island of Shikotan, took away all their fishing gear and boats, and forbade them to go to sea without permission, thereby dooming them to starvation. Most of the reservation's inhabitants died out, leaving only 20 people. (the authors cleaned out the old culture of the once beautiful world that perished in the catastrophe, which the Ainu carried within them, this happened everywhere throughout the world, and here)
On Sakhalin, the Ainu were in bondage to seasonal Japanese industrialists who came for the summer. The Japanese blocked the mouths of large spawning rivers, so the fish simply did not reach the upper reaches, and the Ainu had to go to the seashore to get at least some food. Here they immediately became dependent on the Japanese. The Japanese gave the Ainu gear and took away all the best from the catch; the Ainu were forbidden to have their own gear. With the departure of the Japanese, the Ainu were left without a sufficient supply of fish, and by the end of winter they almost always experienced famine and the population died out.
Today, according to the official census, there are only about 25,000 Ainu in Japan. They were made to forget their native language, they do not know their own culture, which is passed off as Japanese culture today. One of the most unique peoples in history was virtually destroyed, slandered, robbed and forgotten.
MINERALS
Yes, I almost forgot - the inscription on the Keller map, underlined in yellow (at the very beginning of the post), for convenience I’ll insert it (so you don’t have to scroll back and forth)
According to the selected information, the Yapan Islands are the richest in gold and jewelry in the whole world!!! The same is stated in the caption to the portrait of the emperor of the country Iapan:
“On the large islands, wheat grows in abundance, there are many types of game, there are mines for the extraction of gold, silver, copper, iron, lead and mercury...” - (dear ones, this is cool, actually!)
Isn’t this the answer to why hordes of wild migrants swam to “finish off” the survivors of the disaster, the once mighty Ainu? After all, everyone knew that the country was rich in minerals, well... Let's see what is in modern Japan with fossils today (WIKI)
Minerals
Japan has few mineral resources. (ed. pichalka - where did it go?) Sulfur occupies a central place in the Japanese mining industry (3.4 million tons of sulfur were mined in 2010, 6th place in the world). Japan also ranks 2nd in the world in iodine production (9,500 tons in 2015 and 1st in iodine reserves (5 million tons). In addition, Japan produces oil in small quantities (136.8 thousand barrels per day in 2015, 43rd place ), natural gas (167 billion cubic feet in 2014, 21st), gold (7.2 tons in 2012, 38th), silver (3.58 tons in 2012, 48th) As of 1976 Coal reserves amounted to 8630 million tons; iron ore - 228 million tons; sulfur - 67.6 million tons; manganese ore - 5.4 million tons; lead-zinc ore - 4.7 million tons; oil - 3.8 million tons; copper ore - 2.0 million tons; chromite - 1.0 million tons.
Sad.. Sulfur, iodine.. Good of course, but not glamorous like that.. Where are the richest gold mines in the world, silver, copper, iron, mercury? This is actually a big secret, because already in the middle of the 18th century, Japan was forcibly taken over by the United States (where would we be without them...)..
It’s interesting that in Japanese, Korean and English the word TRUE (true) sounds the same... In English TRU or CHRU, in Japanese, Korean - tyoryo, which is actually the same thing (listen to the pronunciation in Yandex Interpreter).. Perhaps the language was created. just like with us, modern Russian appeared in the 18th century - before that they wrote in Church Slavonic, together, without breaking it into separate words (sentences), and the speech was a little different.
In general, we managed to unearth something, but the main block remained - WHERE IS THE GOLD - JEWELS? I'll try to put forward several versions -
1) “The rednecks that came in large numbers” from the mainland finished off the Ainu and dug up all the gold (yes, yes, any mines become scarce, they have a limited resource) as well as other goods..
2) The disaster shook up the island so that all the “good stuff” was out of reach.
3) The mines were taken under control by the technologically advanced Americans, who, since the mid-18th century, had also been “grazing” the territory in search of gold, otherwise why so intrusively offer friendship and cooperation. just like the American Commodore Perry did? (hereinafter referred to as WIKI)
BLACK SHIPS OF COMMODORE PERRY
In 1854, American Commodore Matthew Perry, who arrived on the Black Ships, forced Japan to end its policy of isolation. With these events, Japan enters the era of modernization.
The "Black Ships" which arrived on July 14, 1853 at Uraga Harbor (part of modern Yokosuka) in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan under the command of US Navy Commodore Matthew Perry. The word "black" here refers to the black color of the hulls of older sailing ships and the black color of coal smoke from the pipes of steamships using coal as fuel.
Led by Commodore Perry, the force of warships became a significant factor in the negotiations (compare with modern aircraft carriers as a political tool of the United States) and the subsequent signing of the Japan-US Trade Treaty, thus effectively ending the more than two hundred year period during which Japan trade only with China and Holland.
The following year, during the conclusion of the Treaty of Kanagawa, Perry returned with seven warships and, under the threat of shelling from Edo, forced (!) the shogun to sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship (!!!), which established diplomatic relations between Japan and the United States. Over the next five years, Japan signed similar agreements with Russia, France and Britain. The Harris Treaty was signed in the United States on July 29, 1858.
This is friendship! This is friendship! And why do the Pindos so insistently desire friendship with the rabble that has come in large numbers? Something tells me that the lust of the US government officials was not limited to friendship alone; intelligence has always worked, in all centuries and millennia...
Of course, now no one knows what happened to the fossils - either over a hundred years, the Bydlovites, who had become accustomed, “gnawed out” all the riches of the subsoil that belonged to the genocided indigenous inhabitants. Either they were turned over along with the island and covered with it, or the Pindos sailed on a black boat and the question is closed.
Hence the story “extended” by one and a half thousand years (by the grace of the beneficiaries). That’s why no one will ever know the truth (except for you and me, of course :-))
CONCLUSIONS
1) It is clear that the official science of history, the very time the archipelago acquired its present species, is transferred to 12-18 thousand years ago.. And the existence in the recent past of the once solid island of Iapan is generally hushed up, along with the general silence of x\3 talk about the End of the World late 17th early 18th century.
2) The artificial lengthening of the history of modern Japan - an insertion of 1500 years, serves to hide the facts of the genocide of the indigenous population of the country of Iapan-Zipangri, marauders - invaders who came in large numbers after the disaster, a motley rabble from the mainland who improved their gene pool at the expense of beautiful Ainu women, as a result of which we Today we have such a nation as the Japanese, white-skinned Asians ..
3) The entire ancient history of the indigenous population of the island of Iapan, the Ainu, culture, art, was rewritten for modern Japanese.
4) Perhaps the Americans also had a hand in the development, or “finishing off” of the remnants of mineral resources on the islands of the archipelago, which for 150 years had been shakyly mined by local businessmen.. Again, given that the resources began to be developed by the Ainu, it is quite possible that the reserves just exhausted)
HOW EXACTLY THE ISLAND “TOROVE”
According to my version, the island was torn in half from the side of the mainland, and pulled straight out. The basis for this version is another city that (possibly) I was able to identify. This city is indicated on the old map as Miaka Academy, now the city of Miyako.
Now look at my reconstruction, by the marks you can quite imagine how it happened, you can go to a large Google map and look there, compare with old maps. A pink tick marks the part of the land, the cape, that remained in place, a red tick correspondingly indicates that moved a little back from the mainland...
As for the island of Hokkaido, it could well have formed from a group of small islands (marked with a red tick)
The island ridge (with a pink tick) “went” to the right, where it is today (see below) Now these are the Kuril Islands, the legal territory of the Russian Federation.
Let me remind you that this is just a version - I will be glad to read your thoughts in the comments to the material.
PS and here’s another “heap” as they say, (comrade Ber ]]> just sent)]]> Especially addressed to those who believe that we know everything about the past, and they say there is no point in meddling there..
CNN broadcasts amazing news: on the island of Okinawa, ancient Roman and Ottoman coins were discovered in the ruined Katsuren Castle, built in the 12th century. It is interesting that during this time period Japan did not have any contacts with the Roman Empire ( edit. Here I would clarify - “official history believes that during this time period Japan did not have any contacts with the Roman Empire” - this is more correct. Again, pay attention to the castle itself - how does it differ from castles in other parts of the world? Absolutely identical architecture, a single style, which speaks of the globality of the world, since ancient times. If it had not been signed that the castle was in Japan, no one would have thought)
Specialist Toshio Tsukamoto, from the cultural property department of the Gango-ji Temple, who found the ancient coins, immediately realized that these were unique artifacts. Before this study, the scientist spent some time on excavations in Egypt and Italy. Since the coins were found next to Chinese ceramics, in layers of the 14th-15th centuries, it follows that valuable artifacts were brought by merchants from Asia, who, in turn, maintained trade relations with Rome (I wonder, who “brought” the castle there? )
True knowledge is always renewed, knowledge that is not renewed is dead, it is like a stone around a swimmer’s neck.
Japan in the second half of the 18th century
During this period, in the Land of the Rising Sun, the contradictions in society that had been growing for several centuries began to be clearly visible. The penetration of European books into Japan contributed to the development of population mobility and structural changes in the city.
The second half of the 18th century was remembered by the Japanese for natural disasters: earthquakes, hurricanes and two droughts in 1770 and 1771. A famine began in the country, from which several hundred thousand Japanese died. In 1772, a large fire was added to the list of disasters, and in 1773 a typhus epidemic began, which claimed 140 thousand lives.
Natural disasters have had a negative impact on treasury revenues. The government tried to plug the holes by increasing taxes. Tanuma Okitsugu, who introduced the policy of mercantilism, achieved noticeable success in this matter. He introduced strict controls over the flow of government money into and out of it. The shogun understood that another important source of replenishment of the treasury was trade, so he gave the green light to the creation of trade associations, which quickly began to transform into monopolies.
Japan at the end of the 18th century almost completely lost its monarchical system. The power of the ruler became nominal. Domestic political power was concentrated in the hands of bureaucrats. All affairs in the state began to be managed by state advisers - rbdzyu.
Japan: the territory of the country in the 18th–19th centuries
In the 18th century, the territory of Japan consisted of three large islands (Honshu, Kyushu and Shikoku) and small islands adjacent to them. The island of Hokkaido, or Ezo as it was then called, was colonized by the Japanese only in its southernmost part. The rest of this island was inhabited by the Japanese-ruled Ainu (Ezo) tribe, which in previous centuries the Japanese had pushed to the North and partially exterminated.
The population of Japan by this time was approximately 28-29 million people. The government of the country was in the hands of the feudal Tokugawa house. Although the emperor was still formally considered the supreme owner of the land, since he had no real power, the land was controlled by the Tokugawa shogunate. In his direct possession and in the possession of his direct vassals, from whom the government apparatus and city administration were staffed, there was about a quarter of the entire territory of the country. The rest of the land was owned by the daimyo; they were divided into fudai daimyo, from among whom the highest officials of the central government apparatus were appointed, and tozama daimyo, who had long been in opposition to the Tokugawa house and were not involved in governing the country.
The territory of Japan, with the exception of the shogun's own possessions and his vassals, was divided into principalities (khan), which in literature are usually called clans; there were about 260 of them in the 18th–19th centuries. The principality was an administrative and economic unit headed by the daimyo, who was the actual owner of all the land. The highest administrative and judicial power was in the hands of the daimyo; feudal duties were collected from the peasants in his favor; his retinue consisted of samurai. Among the samurai, property was significantly undermined and, in addition to the feudal lord (daimyo), another exploiter appeared - jinushi - from rich peasants or merchants-usurers.
The exploitation of the peasantry intensified. According to the law, the usual rate of in-kind rent-tax was 50% of the harvest, but peasants and especially tenants, who paid rent to both the feudal lord and jinushi, gave a total of 70% or more of their harvest.
The growth of commodity-money relations, as well as new forms of land ownership and exploitation led to some changes in agriculture. The area under commercial industrial crops expanded - mulberry (sericulture), cotton, tea, tobacco, indigo, etc. For example, the production of raw silk increased at the beginning of the 19th century. twice as much as in the 18th century; the area under cotton and other industrial crops in some areas near large cities (Osaka, Kyoto) exceeded in the first half of the 19th century. cultivated area under rice. An indicator of the growth of money circulation was, in particular, a reduction in natural and increase in cash income of the shogunate: from 1722 to 1836, the supply of rice to the shogunate decreased by about 10%, while cash income tripled.
In the village already in the first half of the 19th century. hired labor was used. Landless and land-poor peasants worked in the spring and summer for wealthier peasants. There was a system of hiring for a year, for a month and daily.
At the beginning of the 19th century. Signs of a crisis in the subsistence economy were becoming increasingly clear. The positive results of strengthening the central government (in particular, the cessation of internecine wars), which ensured some growth in agriculture in the 17th - early 18th centuries, began to decline due to increased feudal exploitation, which put pressure on the peasants and ruined them. The size of the cultivated land area throughout the 18th and first half of the 19th centuries. remained almost unchanged (about 2.8-3 million hectares), as well as the harvest of rice (28-30 million koku *), the main crop of agriculture. Crop failures, famines, and epidemics followed one after another. Over 150 years (1690-1840), according to far from complete data, Japan experienced crop failure 22 times; famine engulfed a large part of the country.
There was also a sharp decrease in population growth and even some reduction in its numbers in certain periods.
By the beginning of the 18th century, according to rough estimates, at least 4 million people, or about 15% of the country’s total population, lived in cities (including samurai). In addition to the three main cities (Kyoto, Osaka, Edo), each with over 300-400 thousand inhabitants, some port cities and shopping centers had 60 thousand inhabitants or more. In addition, there were up to 200 castle towns in Japan.
Notes
* Koku is a volumetric measure equal to 180 liters, or 150 kg
Quoted from: World History. Volume VI. M., 1959, p. 445-447.
Modernity[ | ]
The defeat in World War II marked the beginning of modern Japanese foreign policy. Firstly, as a result of the war, Japan lost all the territories captured since 1894. Secondly, Japan itself found itself under American occupation and militarily became an ally of the United States. thirdly, Japan was formally prohibited from creating armed forces. Therefore, the Japanese authorities did not participate in military conflicts abroad after 1945.
In the 1980s, Japan became the largest creditor country in the world and the second largest in providing assistance to other countries. Japanese enterprises have become some of the most competitive in the world. Economic growth has enabled Japan to take on leading roles in the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and other international financial institutions. Japan's powerful economy allowed it to play one of the dominant economic roles in Asia, and Japanese investment began to flow into remote parts of the world.
In the 1990s, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, political and economic problems began in the states that emerged in its place, which increased the importance of economic power for Japan. Former socialist countries were looking for opportunities to receive economic assistance from Japan. Japan and the United States of America have allied relations, including being major economic partners. The population of Japan expressed support for the country's increased international role and economic power, as well as the provision of economic assistance to other states. However, the Japanese government did not want to take on leading roles in resolving political and military conflicts after the unsuccessful outcome of World War II. Japan considers the United States the guarantor of its own security and has no plans to revise the 1960 US-Japan Mutual Cooperation and Security Treaty. Also, the Japanese government was aware of the country's vulnerability in terms of supply of raw materials and energy, which led to a softening of the country's foreign policy.
In 1978, the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between Japan and China was signed, after which relations between the countries began to develop rapidly. Japan provided significant economic assistance to the PRC in industrial modernization and supported China's membership in the World Trade Organization. In May 2008, Hu Jintao made an official visit to Tokyo, which contributed to the improvement of relations between the countries. However, the government of the People's Republic of China regularly criticizes the Japanese authorities for the country's policies during World War II, as well as for the fact that Japan presents the events of those years in a positive light and does not want to condemn its own war criminals. In 1995, Japanese Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama apologized for the damage and suffering caused to Japan during World War II, but did not offer any compensation. Tomiita Murayama's statement did not satisfy the expectations of Japan's regional neighbors, especially South Korea and China. On August 14, 2015, Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe publicly expressed his heartfelt condolences to those who suffered and died from Japan's military actions during the 70th anniversary of the end of World War II. However, Shinzo Abe also called for the development of the Japan Self-Defense Forces and a rethinking of the country's post-war pacifist constitution, which would allow the army to be used abroad.
On September 17, 2002, Japanese Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi paid an official visit to Pyongyang, during which controversial bilateral issues were discussed, especially the abduction of Japanese citizens and their delivery to the DPRK. In October 2002, five abducted Japanese were released by the Koreans and returned home, but the DPRK authorities did not release other captives, expecting economic concessions from Japan. Japan strongly supports US efforts to pressure Pyongyang to comply with the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty and agreement with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In 2006, Japan responded by imposing sanctions on North Korea's July missile launches and October nuclear tests. The United States, Japan and South Korea are coordinating policy with each other on North Korea policy, and Japan is also participating in the Six-Party Talks to end North Korea's nuclear weapons testing. In August 2008, Japan and North Korea agreed to reconsider the release of captured Japanese citizens. However, the terms of the agreement were not fulfilled by the DPRK.
In recent years, Japan and the Republic of Korea have stepped up diplomatic contacts and high-level coordination, leading to an improvement in their relations. However, different views on the period of World War II, as well as a territorial dispute over the ownership of Liancourt, complicate Japan's political relations with South Korea, despite growing economic and cultural ties.
Japan's relations with Russia have been complicated by the failure of governments on both sides to resolve their territorial dispute over the ownership of the southern Kuril Islands, which became part of the Soviet Union at the end of World War II. The territorial dispute is preventing the conclusion of a peace treaty that would formally end the state of war between Japan and Russia. The United States recognizes Japanese sovereignty over the disputed islands. In September 2009, during his first meeting with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev, Japanese Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama said he wanted to resolve the issue and sign a peace treaty, but the meeting ultimately did not lead to any progress in the negotiations. Additional tension in relations between the two countries is caused by the Japanese side's attempts to ignore the results of World War II recognized by the international community. Despite the lack of progress in resolving the territorial dispute, Japan and Russia continue to develop other aspects of their overall relationship, including two major oil and natural gas projects on Sakhalin.
In 2006, the Japan Ground Self-Defense Force completed a successful two-year mission in Iraq. In December 2008, the Japanese Air Force's mission in Iraq ended. In January 2010, the Japanese Parliament signed into law the Special Anti-Terrorism Measures Act, which allowed Japan to conduct operations to send the Maritime Self-Defense Force in support of the international operation against terrorism in the Indian Ocean. Since 2009, Japan has been actively involved in international efforts to combat piracy off the Horn of Africa.
In recent years, Japan has become increasingly present in Africa and Latin America. Economic partnership agreements were concluded with Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Peru and Chile.
